Contents
49. Other Translators in the Han Dynasty,
the Period of Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty
- Other Translators in the Han Dynasty,
the Period of Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty
The following are the famous translators during the Han Dynasty (25 � 220 A.D.), the Period of Three Kingdoms (220 � 280 A.D.) and the Jin Dynasty (280 � 317 A.D.):
49.1 Kashyapamtanga ( 攝摩騰 ) (~25 A.D.)
- came from India
- regarded as the first translator for Buddhist sutras in China
- translated 5 sutras, but only 1 extant � "Sutra of Forty-two Chapters" (四十二章經)
49.2 Dharmaraksha ( 竺法蘭 ) (~25 A.D.)
- came from India to China and worked with Kashyapamatanga in the translation of sutras.
49.3 An Shih-kao ( 安世高 ) (~170 A.D.)
- It was custom in China to take the name of one�s birthplace as a surname. "An" (安) was actually not the surname of Shih-kao (世高). It simply meant that Shih-kao (世高) came from the country called An-hsi (安息國).
- a prince of Parthia retreated into religion.
- went to China in the Han Dynasty; translated 35 Buddhist scriptures in 41 fascicles in 20 plus years.
- 20 of them are still extant and most of them are Hinayana Buddhist texts, such as
49.4 Lokakshema ( 支婁迦讖 / 支讖 ) (147-185 A.D.)
- born in Kushan (月支國).
- went to China in the Han Dynasty; translated 12 scriptures in 27 fascicles in 40 years.
- 9 scriptures in 20 fascicles are still extant and most of them are Mahayana Buddhist texts such as
- Ashtasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra i.e. Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in Eight Thousand Lines, (般若八千頌) - 10 fascicles in 179 A.D.
- Pratyutapnna Buddha Sammukhavasthita Samadhi Sutra (般舟三眛經) - 3 fascicles
49.5 Chu Shih-hsing ( 朱士行 ) (~200 A.D.)
- went to Khotan and requested the King for the original text of Mahayana sutras.
- translated the sutras in 291 A.D.
49.6 Fa-shi ( 曇柯迦羅 / 法時 )
- came from Central India to China in the Period of Three Kingdoms.
- proficient in both Hinayana and Mahayana, also Vinaya
- translated works included
- 僧衹戒心
- the translation of Vinaya to commence the monastic rules and precepts of Sangha in China.
49.7 Samghavarman ( 僧鎧 )
- came from Samarkand or Soghdiana (康居國) to China in the Period of Three Kingdoms.
- India monk believed to be of Tibetan descent.
- translation works included
- Larger Sukhavativyuha, i.e. The Sutra of Infinite Life (無量壽經) - 2 fascicles, in 252 A.D.
49.8 Tan-ti ( 曇諦 )
- came from An-Shih (安息國) to China during the Period of Three Kingdoms
- translated mainly the Vinaya.
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